togblog

Iomairt! Co-chomhairle mu ath-fhosgladh rathad-iarainn Chill Rìmhinn

Tha fios aig mo chàirdean gu bheil mi gu math deidheil air iomairtean an dà chuid mun Ghàidhlig agus mu thrèanaichean, tramaichean is tràilidhean.

Tha co-chomhairle fìor chudromach mu rathaidean-iarainn na h-Alba a’ dol air adhart an-dràsta agus tha cothrom againn uile buaidh a thoirt oirre.

Seo sgrùdadh mu cheanglaichean nas fheàrr eadar Cill Rìmhinn agus an lìonra rèile nàiseanta.

Stèisean Luchras – an stèisean as fhaisg air Cill Rìmhinn

Tha mi uamhasach deidheil air Neuk an Ear Fhìobh. Bhiomaid a’ dol gu Cair Ail (Crail) air làithean saora gach bliadhna nuair a bha mi òg agus tha mi gu math eòlach air an sgìre. Bhiomaid gu tric a’ tadhal air Cill Rìmhinn, a’ dol do na bùithean agus dhan Chaisteal agus dhan tràigh is eile.

Is e an aon rud nach eil math mun sgìre àlainn seo gu bheil e cho doirbh a dhol ann. Tha e a’ toirt ùine mhòr faighinn ann bho Ghlaschu, Dùn Èideann no fiù’s bho àiteachan eile ann am Fìobh fhèin! Tha e a’ toirt ùine mhòr air an rathad agus fiù ’s air an rathad-iarainn, feumaidh tu bus fhaighinn eadar Luachras (Leuchars) agus Cill Rìmhinn fhèin air an rathad thana lùbach.

Is dòcha nach eil sin cho dona ma tha thu a’ dèanamh air Cill Rìmhinn fhèin, ach ma tha thu a’ dol gu fear de na bailtean beaga taobh a-muigh Chill Rìmhinn, leithid Cair Ail no Eanstair (Anstruther) no Elie – àiteachan a tha gu math mòr-chòrdte am measg luchd-turais, feumaidh tu trèana gu Leuchras, bus gu Cill Rìmhinn agus an uair sin bus eile dhan Neuk an Ear. Chan eil mòran dhaoine deònach sin a dhèanamh ma tha cothrom aca air càr agus tha seo a’ cur ris an trafaig air na rathaidean brèagha ach fìor lùbach san Neuk an Ear.

Nis, bha rathad-iarainn ann do Chill Rìmhinn uair ach chaidh a dhùnadh ann an 1969. Bha e mar phàirt de Loidhne Costa an Ear Fhìobha ach chaidh a’ phàirt sa mheadhan a dhùnadh ann an 1966 agus chaidh na loidhnichean aig gach ceann gu Inbhir Lìobhann agus Cill Rìmhinn ann an 1969.

Loidhne cCosta an ear Fìobha (n.b rinn mi seo mus do chuir Ainmean-àite na h-Alba cruthan Gàidhlig air cuid de na bailtean, agus mar sin, tha cuid air atharrachadh bhon uair sin)

Gu fortanach, tha an loidhne gu Inbhir Lìobhann gu bhith ag ath-fhosgladh an ath-bhliadhna agus thathar a’ coimhead air dòighean gus na ceanglaichean gu Cill Rìmhinn ath-fhosgladh.

Tha a’ bhuidheann STARlink air a bhith ag obair fad iomadh bliadhna gus an rathad-iarainn a thoirt air ais agus tha an Riaghatlas air pàigheadh airson sgrùdadh comais gus coimhead air diofar phròiseactan gus am baile ath-cheangail ris an lìonra rèile.

Tha an sgrùdadh a’ coimhead air 4 diofar fhuasglaidhean.

An rathad-iarainn ath-fhosgladh (air slighe ùr) le trèanaichean dìreach gu Dùn Èideann is Dùn Dè an àite dìreach shuttle gu Leuchras.
Siostam “rèile aotrom” a thoirt a-staigh.
Dà dhiofar fuasgladh co-cheangailte ri busaichean le busaichean sònraichte le dathan an rathaid-iarainn agus siostam tro-thiocaidean (through-tickets) leis an lìonra rèile.

Feumaidh mi a ràdh gu bheil na molaidhean uile tòrr nas fheàrr na an siostam a th’ ann mar-thà!

Ach seo mo bheachdan air na diofar roghainnean.

Rathad-iarainn:

Leis an rathad-iarainn, bhiodh ceangal dìreach ann eadar am baile agus an lìonra. Leis gu bheilear a’ moladh gum biodh trèanaichean dìreach ann do bhailtean eile seach dìreach shuttle, bhiodh seo gu math tarraingeach. Bhiodh daoine nach eil cleachdte ri busaichean nas deònaiche seo a chleachdadh na bhith a’ dol eadar trèana is bus. Bhiodh trèanaichean comasach air barrachd dhaoine a ghiùlan na busaichean cuideachd, rud a bhiodh math airson co-labhairtean mòra, co-fharpaisean goilf is toiseach theirmichean Oilthigh is mar sin air adhart. Bhiodh seo nas luaithe na busaichean cuideachd. Bhiodh an roghainn seo cosgail, ach chanainn gum b’ fheuch e a h-uile sgillinn.

Seo mapa den rathad-iarainn a bhiodh ann.

Tramaichean:

Le tramaichean, tha tòrr bhuannachdan ann cuideachd. Bhiodh iad comasach air tòrr dhaoine a ghiùlan dhan bhaile gu luath. A bharrachd air seo, b’ urrainn dhaibh a dhol a-staigh gu cridhe a’ bhaile. Mar thoradh air obair togail bho dhùn an stèisean ann an 1969, tha e coltach gum biodh an stèisean ùr rud beag a-mach às a’ mheadhan.

Leis an roghainn seo, chanainn gur e cosgaisean an duilgheadas as motha. Is dòcha gum biodh togail loidhne trama nas saoire na bhith a’ togail rathad-iarainn ach bhiodh obair togail taobh a-staigh a’ bhaile gu math cosgail. Is dòcha nach biodh sin ro dhona ge-tà. ’S e an duilgheadas le siostam trama gum feum thu depot is tòrr luchd-obrach sònraichte nach biodh a dhith airson bhusaichean no airson rathad-iarainn. Tha sin OK ma tha thu a’ bruidhinn air siostam mòra coltach ri Dùn Èideann no Manchester no Croydon ach airson siostam 6 no 7 mìle a dh’fhaid le is dòcha 4 tramaichean bhiodh na h-overheads gu math àrd.

Thathar a’ moladh coimhead air VLR – Very Light Rail – rèile fìor aontrom mar thoradh air seo. Seo siostam a tha ag amas air tramaichean tòrr nas aotroime a chleachdadh a bhios a’ ruith air trac nas aotroime na tramaichean àbhaisteach, le tramaichean a tha nas sìmplidh agus le cosgaisean togail is ruith tòrr nas ìsle. Le siostaman mar seo, chan eil na h-overheads cho àrd agus nas cudromaiche, tha na loidhnichean nas saoire a thogail oir chan fheumar na pìoban uisge is dealain is gas uile a ghluasad mar a dh’fheumar le siotaman eile (mar a chunnacas gu soilleir ann an Dùn Èideann!)

Thathar a’ planadh siostam VLR airson Coventry an-dràsta agus tha deuchainnean ga dhèanamh air prototype den chiad charbad. Tha VLR gu math gealltaineach, ach chanainn gur e an duilgheadas as motha nach deagh a dhearbhadh fhathast. Chan eil siostam sam bith a ruith san RA an-dràsta agus mar sin, tha cunnart ann gum biodh e nas daoire agus gum biodh tòrr dhuilgheadasan toiseachaidh ann gus an tèid an teicneòlas a dhearbhadh. Eu-coltach ri tramaichean cuideachd, chan urrainn dhut tramaichean VLR a cheannach “off the peg”. Aig an ìre seo, saoilidh mi gum biodh e na b’ fhèarr fuireach gus am bi siostam Coventry ag obair is na leaasnan air ionnsachadh mar sin mus toiseachamaid air seo ann an Cill Rìmhinn.

Seo mapa den loidhne trama a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann.

Busaichean:

Le leasachaidhean bus, ’s e an rud as fheàrr gu bheil iad gu math saor. Leis na molaidhean, bhiodh livery ScotRail air na busaichean, bhiodh an clàr-ama stèidhichte air clàr-ama nan trèanaichean, bhiodh am bus a’ feitheamh ris an trèana agus bhiodh tiocaidean a’ gabhail a-steach a’ bhus mar phàirt den turas.

Tha seo tòrr nas fheàrr na an siostam a th’ ann mar-thà ceart gu leòr. Ach ged a bhiodh seo math, chanainn nach toireadh e cruth-atharrachadh air an t-suidheachadh. Tha rannsachadh air sealltainn uair is uair gu bheil daoine tòrr nas deònaiche gluasad eadar càr is trèana no trama ach chan eil iad idir cho deònach gluasad eadar càr is bus.

Mar sin, tha mo thaic ri bhith a’ toirt an rathaid-iarainn air ais!

Tha a’ cho-chomhairle fosgailte ri daoine taobh a-muigh Fìobh agus mar sin, na bi leisg na beachdan agad a chur a-steach g’ e b’ e far a bheil thu a’ fuireach.

Gheibhear a’ cho-chomhairle an seo. Cha toir e fada.

Alasdair

Tadhail air Trèanaichean, tramaichean is tràilidhean

Fuaimean air an oir!

Le lasairdhubh

VisitScotland circa 2001

Tadhail air Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach

Na rach seachad air “Toisich” na cruinnich £200… Stèiseanan Monopoly #gàidhlig

Le alasdairmaccaluim

Nuair a bha mi òg, bha mi beò-ghlaichte le leabhar air an robh British Electric Trains in Camera. Chaidh fhoillseachadh aig toiseach nan 1980an agus leugh mi ann am meadhan nan 1980an e nuair a bha mi mu 12 bliadhna a dh’aois no mar sin.

Bha tòrr diofar sheòrsaichean trèana ann agus mar a bhiodh tu an dùil, bha tòrr dhiubh ann an Lunnainn. Agus abair gun robh cuid dhiubh gu math exotic – trèanaichean treas rèile (third rail) nam measg agus tòrr trèanaichean tiùb cuideachd. Agus a bharrachd air seo, chuir e iongnadh orm gun robh an uiread de thermini sa bhaile.

Ann an Glaschu, cha robh againn ach Sràid na Banrighinn agus Stèisean a’ Mheadhain (agus gu 1967, St Enoch agus Sràid Bhochannan cuideachd) ach ann an Lunnainn bha còrr is 10 ann.

Bha fios agam air Kings Cross, Liverpool Street, Fenchurch Street agus Marylebone bho Monopoly ach fhuair mi a-mach bho na leabhraichean gun robh tòrr a bharrachd ann! Mar a chithear air a’ mhapa seo, tha co-dhiù 13 ann – agus tha cuid a’ meas Moorgate – stèisean a tha tòrr nas lugha – mar àireamh 14. (Agus bha Stèisean Broad Street ann cuideachd gus an deach a dhùnadh ann an 1986 – faic am post bloga agam an seo).

Hbf878, OpenStreetMap contributors, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, bho Wikimedia Commons

Nuair a bha mi òg, bha mi airson a dhol air turas gu Lunnainn gus na diofar stèiseanan fhaicinn. Shabhail mi airgead fad 2 no 3 bliadhna ach aig a’ cheann thall, chaill mi m’ ùidh ann an trèanaichean is chleachd mi mo chuid airgead airson clàran roc is geamaichean coimpiutair.

Ach anns na bliadhnaichean mu dheireadh, tha mi air a bhith a’ feuchainn ris na trèanaichean sònraichte agus cuid de h-àiteachan bhon leabhar British Electric Trains in Camara fhaicinn, turas a tha air mo thoirt gu Lunnainn, Coventry, An Caisteal Nuadh, agus Eilean Wight am measg àiteachan eile gu ruige seo.

Tha mi a-nis a’ beachdachadh air an turas a ghabhail gu Lunnainn nach do rinn mi air ais anns na 1980an. Tha mi air trèanaichean a ghlacadh ann an tòrr de na termini tro na bliadhaichean – Kings Cross is Euston gu sònraichte ach shaoil mi gum biodh e math feuchainn ri dhol thuca uile ann an aon latha. Cha robh mi riamh ann am Fenchurch Street, Charing Cross no Cannon Street agus tha mi gu mòr airson an làn seata de thermini fhaighinn!

Sin an seòrsa rud a bha mi a’ dol a dhèanamh ann an 1986 ach bha mi dìreach an dùil a dhol ann airson coimhead air na trèanaichean anns gach stèisean is dealbh no dhà a thogail. Ann an 2022, cha dèanadh sin a’ chùis idir. Bhiodh agam ri rudan nas inntinniche is nas motha is nas gòraiche a dhèanamh! Mar sin, shaoil mi gum biodh e math feuchainn ri trèana fhaighinn a-mach no a-steach gu/bho gach terminus ann an aon latha. Bhiodh e furasta gu leòr a dhol eadar na stèiseanan mòra air an Underground ceart gu leòr ach bhiodh sin RO FHURASTA, is mar sin, chuir mi romham a bhith ga dhèanamh gun a bhith a’ dol air an Underground no air busaichean!

Shaoil mi gum biodh e furasta gu leòr. Tha tòrr de na stèiseanan ceangailte ri chèile – air a’ mhapa seo, mar eisimpleir, chithear gu bheil Charing Cross, Cannon Street, Blackfriars, London Bridge, Waterloo (East) agus Euston uile ceangailte ri chèile. Agus tha e furasta a dhol eadar Waterloo agus Victoria cuideachd taobh Clapham Junction.

Ach an uair sin, dh’fhàs rudan na bu dhoirbhe. Bha e meadhanach furasta a dhol eadar gach stèisean – gus an tàinig e gu Paddington is Marylebone. Airson a dhol eadarra, tha e coltach gum biodh agad ri dhol gu Oxford agus air ais air loidhnichean eadar-dhealaichte! Agus tha e doirbh a dhol eadar Marylebone agus stèisean sam bith eile gun a bhith a’ dol air an Underground no bus no co-dhiù a bhith a’ coiseachd.

Aig a’ cheann thall, saoilidh mi gu bheil e do-dhèanta mur a dèan thu co-dhiù beagan coiseachd eadar stèiseanan an siud is an seo. Ach bu toil leam a dhèanamh co-dhiù, fiù’s mur a gabh e dèanamh gun a bhith a’ dol air cois, bus no fo-thalamh!

Dè ur beachd? Am bu chòir dhomh a dhèanamh?

Alasdair

Tadhail air Trèanaichean, tramaichean is tràilidhean

Karaoke sa Ghàidhlig

Le Gordon Wells

Roll over, Beethoven!

Irish-speaker Seán Ó Muiris has announced a new voluntary and non-profit initiative to replicate his work in producing an Irish language karaoke repertoire with a parallel Scottish Gaelic stream. First fruits can be tasted in the YouTube link above, with his rendition of Runrig’s classic “Alba”.

Scottish Gaelic enthusiasts “of a certain age” may recall a previous venture in the karaoke genre, spearheaded by Comann an Luchd-Ionnsachaidh, nach maireann, in collaboration with Clydebank College (also no longer with us in the shape pictured here).

As Gordon Wells’s notes to that pioneering production point out, “Scottish Gaels had of course … developed their own (pre-electronic) means of musical entertainment without instrumental backing, in the shape of puirt-à-beul…”. He also remarked that “Singing can be very helpful for the language learner. It allows you to concentrate on your pronunciation, and helps to fix unfamiliar vocabulary in your memory.” So, given that the original cassette-based package may not have fully withstood the test of time, this new venture in the world of Gaelic karaoke could well be overdue!

Seán makes the point strongly that his innovative approach is undertaken in a completely voluntary capacity, without any institutional backing, for the benefit of the Gaelic languages. You can hear him talking about it in detail in this interview in Irish for RTE. With over 100 karaoke versions of Irish songs on his YouTube channel he now wishes to start something similar for Scottish Gaelic and is offering to run free training seminars for anyone who might be interested in helping out.

His graphic below gives more detail:

karaokesaGhaidhlig

Tadhail air Island Voices – Guthan nan Eilean

Talking Points le Tormod et al

Le Gordon Wells

MOOTPicFinal Sna seachdainnean mu dheireadh aig a’ phròiseact Mediating Multilingualism aig Institiùd Rannsachaidh Cànain Oilthigh na Gàidhealtachd ‘s nan Eilean thàinig na com-pàirtichean eadar-nàiseanta sna h-oilthighean ann an Alba, Diaimeuga, agus sna h-Innseachan còmhla airson cuspairean san robh ùidh aca uile a dheasbad cuide ri luchd-labhairt às an Rìoghachd Aonaichte aig a bheil cànanan coimhearsnachd. Chleachd iad pìosan a-mach à Saoghal Thormoid airson na deasbadan (a chaidh a chumail sa Bheurla) a thòiseachadh. Chaidh na còmhraidhean seo a chlàradh, agus tha iad a-nis ri fhaighinn air sianal YouTube Guthan nan Eilean.

Bheir an clàr shìos ceanglaichean ris na deasbadan gu lèir, cuide ris na bhidiothan le Tormod MacGill-Eain a’ bruidhinn.

Cuspair	Còmhradh Clàraichte	Earrann à Saoghal Thormoid
Cànanan ann an Cunnart	Talking Points 1	Saoghal Thormoid 1
Cànanan air an Rangachadh	Talking Points 2	Saoghal Thormoid 2
Cànanan Taobh ri Taobh	Talking Points 3	Saoghal Thormoid 3

Faodar criomagan às na h-earrannan ann an Saoghal Thormoid fhaicinn an seo, airson blasad fhaighinn dhe na beachdan aig Tormod fhèin.

1. Gaelic Trajectory?	2. English Ascendancy?

3a. Bilingual Balance?	3b. Homecoming Postscript

Agus ma tha ceistean agad, no ma tha thu airson puingean a thogail air-loidhne sna deasbadan seo, faodaidh tu pàirt a ghabhail sna còmhraidhean a bhios a’ dol ann am MOOT Guthan nan Eilean! Rud nach bi a’ tachairt a h-uile latha… Siuthad! Carpe diem!

Tadhail air Island Voices – Guthan nan Eilean

Fios naidheachd: Feumaidh Alba gluasad gu luath gus toirmeasg a chur air teiripe iompachadh: Comataidh na Co-ionannachd #gàidhlig

Le Oifigear Gàidhlig

Cha bu chòir do dh’Alba feitheamh gus crìoch a chur air teiripe iompachaidh, tha Comataidh Co-ionannachd, Chòraichean Daonna agus Ceartais Shìobhalta aig Taigh an Ròid a’ rabhadh. Ann an aithisg ùr, tha a’ Chomataidh ag ràdh gum fheum an reachdas a thathar a’ moladh gus toirmeasg a chur air teirpe iompachaidh a bhith làn is … Leugh an corr de

Tadhail air Blog Pàrlamaid na h-Alba

Fios Naidheachd: Tha an aithisg mun bhuidseat bho Chomataidh an Ionmhais a’ toirt rabhadh mu bharrachd uallaich air ionmhas poblach na h-Alba

Le Oifigear Gàidhlig

Tha Comataidh Ionmhais agus Rianachd Phoblach aig Taigh an Ròid air rabhadh a thoirt gu bheil e coltach gun tig uallach a bharrachd air ionmhas poblach na h-Alba an ath bhliadhna agus na dèidh. Ged a tha tuairmsean a’ nochdadh barrachd misneachd gun till eaconamaidh na h-Alba ris na h-ìrean ron ghalar mhòr-sgaoilte ro mheadhan … Leugh an corr de

Tadhail air Blog Pàrlamaid na h-Alba

Fios naidheachd: Taigh an Ròid air Gairm airson Bheachdan a chur air bhog mar fhreagairt air toirmeasg Riaghaltas na h-Alba air iasgach ann an Linne Chluaidh

Le Oifigear Gàidhlig

An dèidh ceistean a bhith air luchd-ùidhe, tha Comataidh Chùisean Dùthchail, Eileanan, agus Àrainneachd Nàdarra aig Taigh an Ròid Gairm airson Bheachdan a chur air bhog mar fhreagairt air co-dhùnadh Riaghaltas na h-Alba toirmeasg a chur air a h-uile seòrsa iasgaich ann an àrainn shònraichte de Linne Chluaidh ri linn na h-ùine eadar 14 Gearran gu … Leugh an corr de

Tadhail air Blog Pàrlamaid na h-Alba

Invitation to Unmute

Le Gordon Wells

Who remembers we once mooted a MOOT?

Well, the idea of an Island Voices “Multilingual Open Online Teach-in” is now no longer, um, moot – for want of a better word. “Chan ann a h-uile latha a bhios mòd aig Mac an Tòisich”, mar a chanas iad, (“It’s not every day Mackintosh throws a party” – loosely) but its time has come.

“Talking Points” with Tormod

We’ve recently placed a whole series of “Talking Points with Norman Maclean” recordings on our YouTube channel, built on a merging of materials and ideas from the Soillse/UHI Language Sciences Institute projects Mediating Multilingualism and Saoghal Thormoid. In the last few weeks of the funded period for Mediating Multilingualism, linguists in universities in Scotland, India, and Jamaica discussed topics of common interest with UK-based community language speakers, stimulated by brief extracts from the final session of Saoghal Thormoid. And these discussions are now available to view.

It’s an experimental format, mixing subtitled Gaelic recordings with live English debate. The topics are sociolinguistic, covering Language Endangerment (Gaelic Trajectory?), Language Hierarchies (English Ascendancy?), and Language Contact (Bilingual Balance?). And they may raise just as many questions as answers, if not more. Just the thing then for the enquiring mind, and quite in the spirit of the “Teach-in” philosophy described in our 2019 post! In the end, we didn’t set up a separate online forum then, and we won’t now. There are perfectly good comment and reply functions on YouTube and here on WordPress for any questions readers or listeners may have.

YouTube Playlist

But to help provide a degree of focus or sense of direction – without closing down the options for diverging lines of thought and enquiry – we’ve put together a special “box set” International Island Voices MOOT playlist on YouTube that brings together the Talking Points material with some other key videos from our overall body of work which underpin and exemplify our multilingual approach.

Previews

By the way, we knitted some 2-minute Norman Maclean “highlights” into the recorded discussions, as an aide memoire for the longer extracts that were being discussed. If you want a quick taste of a topic, we’ve extracted them here, and you can take a quick look at any of them now, before choosing which full discussion to dive into for the wider treatment.

1. Gaelic Trajectory?	2. English Ascendancy?

3a. Bilingual Balance?	3b. Homecoming Postscript

Taking Part

There’s no start or stop date on this. The “Talking Points” participants are separated by up to ten and a half hours difference in time zones between India and Jamaica, so a simultaneous “launch” has not been feasible. And our geographical catchment is worldwide, so the approach is deliberately asynchronous – completely independent of any timetable. View the videos, ask questions, and make comments (which will be moderated) as and when you can and wish. Please be polite, and be prepared to be patient if waiting for responses.

Choosing where to comment is up to you. Specific queries about particular videos may be best posted under the relevant YouTube clip. But if your point or question is more general, then a comment here under this WordPress post may be the best place.

Binge-watching the whole playlist in one go is probably doable, if challenging, but perhaps not the best way of giving yourself time to think through issues that arise and about which you may have questions. A better approach might actually be to split up the longer discussion videos into smaller chunks – for which the “chapters” function in YouTube may well come in handy. If you take a look at the video description for any of these long clips you’ll find timed listings for each of the speakers, which you can click on to go straight to that particular point in the film.

And any time you catch yourself wondering which one’s Treebeard, it’s probably time for a break…

We’re pleased to have a receptive and supportive audience and readership, of course, but comments, questions and other feedback are always very welcome. Wikipedia tells us “Teach-ins are meant to be practical, participatory, and oriented toward action. While they include experts lecturing on their area of expertise, discussion and questions from the audience are welcome…”

Dear readers, whether you have questions or suggestions, the MOOT is open. We invite you to “unmute”!

International Island Voices MOOT: the YouTube Playlist

Tadhail air Island Voices – Guthan nan Eilean

Fios naidheachd: Rannsachadh comataidh air maoineachadh Riaghaltas na h-Alba gus a’ bheàrn coileanaidh a dhùnadh #gàidhlig

Le Oifigear Gàidhlig

Is e maoineachadh a chuidicheas sgoiltean is comhairlean gus a’ bheàrn ann an coileanadh a dhùnadh an cuspair aig rannsachadh ùr le Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Nì Comataidh Foghlaim, Cloinne agus Òigridh sgrùdadh air èifeachdachd Dùbhlan Coileanaidh na h-Alba gus coileanadh cloinne à teaghlaichean a tha fo ana-cothrom àrdachadh. Tha raon de phrògraman foghlaim gan cuideachadh tron … Leugh an corr de

Tadhail air Blog Pàrlamaid na h-Alba